deceptive construction techniques such as the construction of a false wall Other tunnels have been made for different reasons such as smuggling tunnels used for smuggling firearms illegal drugs or other contraband Historical uses There have been many instances throughout history of secret passages and rooms having been used Ancient times AD 1000 Builders of ancient Egyptian pyramids used secret passages and booby traps to protect the burial chambers from tomb robbers In some cases a secret door to a burial chamber was hidden behind a statue Early Christians who were persecuted by Roman authorities in the 2nd century AD used hidden rooms to conceal their gatherings for worship AD 1000 1500 In 1330 the young King Edward III was imprisoned by Roger de Mortimer 1st Earl of March who took over the rulership of England A small group of armed supporters of Edward III used a secret passage to attack Mortimer who was in Nottingham Castle defended by several hundred soldiers The attackers entered through a long winding secret passage which led directly into the building in which the queen was lodged An accomplice inside the castle slid back the bolts to the door which allowed the attackers to arrest Mortimer Protestant and proto Protestant Christians used hidden rooms to hide their worship during religious persecutions by the Catholic church in Great Britain and Ireland in the 1400s The Passetto is a secret passage that links the Vatican City with Castel Sant Angelo Pope Alexander VI crossed it in 1494 when Charles VIII invaded the city and Pope Clement VII escaped to safety through it during the Sack of Rome in 1527 1500 1600 Catholic priests in Britain used hidden rooms called priest holes to escape Protestant persecution starting from the reign of Queen Elizabeth I 1600 1900 In 1789 at the outset of what would become the French Revolution angry demonstrators in Paris marched in the streets and stormed the Bastille The revolution spread to smaller towns where tax offices were attacked and to the French countryside where peasants attacked rich nobles living in manor houses and castles Many French royalty and nobles fled to Austria Russia or Britain In October a mob of 7 000 demonstrators marched to the Royal Palace at Versailles Although they managed to overcome the palace s defences and kill Marie Antoinette s bodyguards Marie Antoinette escaped from the palace through a secret passageway The Mikhailovsky Castle is a fortified medieval style castle that was built to protect the Russian Tsar Paul I from assassins Completed in 1800 the castle s protective features included massive walls and water on all four sides rivers and canals with drawbridges that were raised at night and gun emplacements overlooking the drawbridges The Tsar also had a secret passageway built into the hallway outside his bedroom to enable him to escape if assailants managed to get past the castle s defenses However he was never able to use the secret passageway Forty days after he took up residence in the castle he was murdered in his bedroom by a group of co conspirators During Japan s Boshin War 1868 1869 the Emperor s Imperial forces attacked the loyal retainers of the Shogun at Aizu Basin A band of 15 and 16 year olds loyal to the Shogun who called themselves the White Tiger Brigade escaped from Imperial troops using a secret passageway When the young warriors emerged from the passageway they saw a burning samurai residence which they mistook for the castle Believing that the castle had fallen to the Imperial troops the young warriors committed mass suicide by seppuku disembowelment rather than face defeat The 5th Duke of Portland created a network of tunnels on his estate at Welbeck Abbey during the 19th century so that he could enter and leave the property unseen Dr H H Holmes 1861 7 May 1896 was an American serial killer who trapped tortured and murdered guests at his Chicago hotel which he opened for the 1893 World s Fair He tortured his victims in soundproof rooms hidden within the complicated hotel designed by Benjamin F Pitzel 1920 1930 A trapdoor on the jungle floor leads down into the C Chi tunnels Closed and camouflaged it is almost undetectable The camouflaged trap door now open The Regal Knickerbocker in Chicago Illinois is a grand 350 room hotel built in the 1920s during the U S Prohibition era When the hotel was remodeled in 1980 workers found a secret door in one of the penthouse ballrooms which leads to a stairway down to ground level This may have been used to help people engaging in illegal gambling or drinking to escape in the event of a police raid During the U S Prohibition era illegal bars called speakeasies were often concealed behind above or below seemingly legitimate businesses In Decatur Illinois the third floor of Bell s Jewelry Store housed a speakeasy a gambling den and a brothel during the 1920s and 1930s Customers went in a stairway from the street and entered a sporting goods shop that acted as a front After the customers passed through rows of shelves lined with dusty sporting merchandise a secret panel in the wall was slid open revealing the entrance to the speakeasy and brothel In New York City in 1928 Jack Kriendler and Charlie Berns purchased a former bordello and converted it into a bar and restaurant called the 21 Club In 1930 they hired architect Frank Buchanan to design a secret door to hide the liquor supply in the cellar as the place was converting to a speakeasy To conceal the hidden door from Federal prohibition agents Buchanan designed the door so that it would appear to be solid concrete wall The door which weighed two and a half tons was supported by massive precision hinges and faced with a concrete slab The secret door could be opened only by inserting an 18 length of wire through one of several cracks in the concrete 1940 present Anne Frank 12 June 1929 ca March 1945 was a German born Jewish girl who wrote a diary while in hiding in Amsterdam during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II As persecutions against the Jewish population increased the family went into hiding in July 1942 in hidden rooms in her father Otto Frank s office building After two years in hiding the group was betrayed and transported to the concentration camp system where Anne died Her diary is published in English under the name The Diary of a Young Girl and has been adapted to theatre and film Corrie ten Boom a Dutch watchmaker had a secret room constructed in her family home in order to hide Jews from the Nazis When the home was raided several people escaped capture by hiding behind the false wall During World War II British Royal Air Force officers held captive in Colditz Castle built a false wall in the attic of one of the POW buildings to hide a workshop where they were constructing a glider to help them escape Guerrilla warfare fighters have used tunnels and secret passages to attack their enemies without being captured and transport arms and supplies The C Chi tunnels were used particularly during the T Offensive in the Vietnam War between 1968 and 1969 The troops and supplies for the T Offensive were assembled in the tunnels which contained sleeping chambers kitchens wells and medical facilities Recent uses Smuggling On 25 January 2006 a 720 meter 2 400 ft smuggling tunnel which crossed under the border of the United States and Mexico was discovered The tunnel was used to transport vast quantities of marijuana from Tijuana into Otay California for U S user consumption The passage linked two industrial warehouses and was ventilated and well lit As well as illegal substances this tunnel and others that have previously been discovered have been used for illegal immigration Between August 2000 and May 2002 more than 1 000 ancient books went missing from the library of the monastery of Mont Sainte Odile Stanislas Gosse stole the books after finding an old map showing a secret entrance into the library The route was not easy however involving climbing up exterior walls a steep staircase and a secret chamber A mechanism then opened the back of one of five cupboards The disappearance of so many books over such a length of time confused the librarian the monks and the police with Gosse finally being caught by closed circuit television cameras Residential panic rooms Main article Panic room A small number of contractors in the US and UK specialise in the construction of hidden doors and fortified secret rooms for private residences These rooms known as panic rooms or safe rooms are hidden secure locations within a residence designed to protect the inhabitants typically celebrities or executives in the case of a break in or home invasion The fortified doors and walls protect the occupants so that they can summon help using a cellular or land line phone Doors and walls can be reinforced with steel Kevlar sound proof or bullet resistant fiberglass panels The door to the safe room can be hidden by covering it with panels that match existing walls or doors in the home Hotels The 6 000 square foot 560 m2 penthouse suite at the Fairmont San Francisco which costs 10 000 per night takes up the entire floor It has a marble foyer a Tiffany skylight a 24 hour butler and chef a two story circular library a tiled billiards room and four fireplaces Those who want to receive a guest in a more discreet manner can push aside one of the bookcases and usher the guest in via the suite secret passageway Mythological and fictional uses Secret passages are used as a plot element or as part of the setting in mythological stories fiction and in television programs or films Secret passages in old buildings castles haunted houses and the lairs of villains or superheroes enable characters to secretly enter or exit the building access a hidden part of the structure or enter a supernatural realm These passageways are often opened by pulling a disguised lever or lock mechanism In some cases a certain book on a bookshelf serves as the hidden trigger for the mechanism Mythological uses In Greek mythology Hyprieus the King of Boeotia hired Trophonius and Agamedes to build a treasure chamber for him However the pair built in a secret entrance and stole his fortune Detective and mystery stories In the late 1890s detective novels featuring seemingly impossible crimes became popular Impossible crimes were sometimes carried out using secret passages or doors Subsequent generations of detective pulp fiction and mystery story authors also used the plot device of secret passages However the use of secret passages in detective fiction and mystery stories has been criticised on the grounds that it is not fair to expect the reader to guess about the existence of these secret passages Ronald Knox 1888 1957 a British theologian and detective story author argued that the plot device of a secret passage was overused in detective fiction Knox s Ten Commandments for Detective Fiction states that Not more than one secret room or passage is allowable Furthermore Knox urges that secret passages not be used in detective stories unless the story takes place in an old house or castle where a reader might reasonably expect to find a secret door or passageway Carolyn Wells impossible crime stories from the first decades of the 1900s such as Faulkner s Folly 1917 are often set in an upper class country house where a murder takes place There is a closed circle of suspects all linked to the murdered man however based on the layout of the house the murder seems impossible In Wells stories the solution to the seemingly impossible crime plots tend to depend on the murderers use of secret passageways secret panels and hidden doors Passages figure in several books of the Famous Five series written by Enid Blyton Various secret passages have been depicted in Batman fiction usually one between Wayne Manor and The Batcave and another for the Batmobile to enter exit the Batcave Games In role playing games secret passages like traps can be found in all sorts of buildings especially in dungeons and castles in high fantasy role playing games The mansion in the board game Cluedo Clue has two secret passages that players can use to move to an opposite corner of the board Computer and video games often feature hidden areas sometimes as an important part of the game and other times as an Easter egg Such areas can be a required route in
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